Top Ethereum Casino Sites || Bonuses Included

Top Ethereum Casino Sites || Bonuses Included

Ethereum casinos, or simply ETH casinos, are making waves in the online gambling scene. These platforms cater to tech enthusiasts, leveraging blockchain and smart contract technology for a cutting-edge gaming experience.

Dive into a diverse array of games at ETH casinos, where the decentralized nature of Ethereum ensures heightened transparency and security. Bid farewell to worries about scams, as these casinos offer provably fair experiences.

Forget about intermediaries like traditional payment processors or centralized platforms – Ethereum’s decentralized approach shines here. It’s no wonder Ethereum stands tall among the best cryptocurrencies in the market.

Ready to explore the realm of ETH casinos? This article covers everything, from choosing the right one to uncovering the ups and downs of Ethereum. Let’s embark on this exciting journey together!

5 Best Ethereum Casino Sites

Vave Casino

Top Ethereum Casino Sites || Bonuses Included

Overview:

  • Rating: A stellar 4.5/5.
  • Established: Making waves since 2022.
  • Ownership: Proud member of the TechOptions Group B.V.
  • License: Holding a reputable Curacao license.
  • Ethereum and Beyond: Dive into the action with BNB, USDT, BTC, DOGE, XRP, LTC, TRX, and the main attraction – ETH.

Languages Galore:

  • Choose your language from an array: English, Japanese, German, Vietnamese, Spanish, French, Portuguese, Italian, Russian, Greek, Indonesian, Korean, Hindu, Polish, Finnish, Tagalog, or Turkish.

Features:

  • User-Friendly Hub: Vave.com, a rising star in Ethereum gambling, boasts an interface that’s a breeze to navigate.
  • Crypto-Friendly Transactions: Lightning-fast processing for ETH transactions ensures a seamless gaming experience without unnecessary delays.
  • Generous Bonuses: Roll out the welcome mat with 100% cash back on 20 USDT and above initial deposits. Ongoing loyalty rewards keep the thrill alive.

Safety, Security, and Support:

  • Fortified Security: Top-notch encryption safeguards your data, prioritizing player safety.
  • Responsive Support: Quick and reliable customer support creates a trustworthy gaming environment.

Pros:

  • Streamlined interface for easy navigation.
  • Efficient ETH transactions – no waiting around.
  • Attractive welcome bonuses and ongoing loyalty rewards.
  • Robust security measures ensure player safety.
  • Responsive customer support for quick issue resolution.

Cons:

  • Limited game variety compared to some competitors.
  • Geographic restrictions may apply; check availability in your region.

There you have it – Vave Casino, where the Ethereum excitement takes center stage! Ready for an epic gaming journey? 

Bitcasino.io

Top Ethereum Casino Sites || Bonuses Included
  • Rating: A solid 4.6/5.
  • Year Founded: 2014
  • Owner: Moon Technologies B.V.
  • License(s): Curaçao
  • Welcome Bonus: 20% Cashback up to 10,000 USDT – A generous entrance to the Ethereum gaming world.

Why Bitcasino? We Recommend It!

  • Diverse Language Support: Speak your language – available in English, Spanish, French, and more.
  • Cryptos in Play: Embrace Ethereum, BTC, ETH, XRP, and many more.
  • Impressive Game Variety: Over 3,200 games, including slots, table games, and live casino options.
  • Promotions Galore: Enjoy a range of promotions and tournaments for constant excitement.
  • Efficient Customer Support: Live chat available 24/7 for instant assistance.

Pros of Bitcasino:

  • Good Reputation: A solid standing with positive customer comments.
  • Extensive Game Library: A whopping 3,235 games ensure something for everyone.
  • Crypto Variety: Major cryptocurrencies available for players.
  • Promotions and Bonuses: Claim from 10+ active promotions, ensuring ongoing excitement.
  • Responsive Customer Support: Instant assistance through live chat.

Cons of Bitcasino:

  • Live Chat Access: Limited to registered users, requiring registration before inquiries.
  • Sports Betting Odds: Lower odds compared to industry standards.
  • No Welcome Bonus: But compensated with various promotions and tournaments.
  • Prohibited Countries: Ensure you’re not in prohibited countries like Afghanistan, Australia, Belgium, Estonia, and France.

Design and Appearance:

  • Interface: Flashy design with engaging graphics, creating an enjoyable gaming atmosphere.
  • Registration: Easy registration process with options for Google and social media sign-ups.

Cloudbet

Top Ethereum Casino Sites || Bonuses Included

Rating: 4.3/5

Established In: 2013

Owned by: Cloudbet

Licensed by: Curaçao

Cryptocurrencies in Play: BNB, USDT, BTC, DOGE, XRP, LTC, TRX, and ETH.

Languages Galore: English, Spanish, Russian, +14 more.

Cloudbet stands tall amongst Ethereum casinos, offering a casino and a sports-focused platform. Established in 2013, it has a solid reputation, providing many gaming options for casino enthusiasts and sports bettors.

Crypto-Friendly Transactions

With BNB, ETH, DOGE, and other cryptocurrencies, Cloudbet ensures a seamless and crypto-friendly gaming experience. It allows anonymous play, keeping transactions secure with SSL and two-factor authentication.

Generous Welcome Bonuses and Loyalty Rewards

Cloudbet sweetens the deal with a 100% Welcome Bonus up to 5BTC. Their loyalty program offers fair games, thousands of slots, and over 50 live tables. Fast withdrawals, an impressive sportsbook, and the option to bet on entertainment and politics make it a player’s paradise.

Safety, Security, and Support

Cloudbet prioritizes player safety with SSL and two-factor authentication. While they’ve faced some complaints about slow payouts and service, these issues were swiftly addressed. The website is secure, and its responsive support ensures players have a helping hand when needed.

Pros and Cons:

Pros: Anonymous play, SSL and two-factor authentication, fair games, extensive gaming options, fast withdrawals, and an impressive sportsbook with diverse markets.

Cons: Occasional slow payouts and service issues, limited contact information, details on restrictions, fees, and payouts are not readily available, and a VIP program is accessible only by invitation.

Fairspin Casino

Top Ethereum Casino Sites || Bonuses Included
  • Rating: 4.70/5
  • Established In: 2018
  • Owned by: Techcore Holding
  • Licensed by: Curaçao
  • Cryptocurrencies in Play: BNB, USDT, BTC, DOGE, XRP, LTC, TRX, ETH
  • Languages Galore: English, German, Russian

Overview

Fairspin, based in Curaçao, has earned its stripes as a reliable and crypto-friendly gambling platform. It caters to a broad audience with 21 supported currencies, including BNB. SSL Encryption guarantees user safety, and multilingual support adds a welcoming touch. The casino’s 2000-game portfolio, encompassing dice, keno, and video poker, ensures a varied gaming experience.

Fairspin, established in 2018 by Techcore Holding, operates under a Curaçao license. It’s a versatile platform supporting 21 currencies, including popular cryptocurrencies.

Crypto-Friendly Transactions: Fairspin’s support for various cryptocurrencies, including ETH, facilitates seamless and efficient transactions. Users can enjoy the perks of crypto gambling with flexibility.

Generous Welcome Bonuses and Loyalty Rewards: Fairspin stands out with its attractive welcome bonuses and ongoing loyalty rewards, adding extra value to the player experience. From the get-go, players are treated to enticing incentives.

Safety, Security, and Support: Fairspin prioritizes user safety through SSL Encryption, ensuring secure transactions and data protection. The multilingual support (English, German, Russian) enhances the overall user experience, assisting a diverse player base.

Pros:

  1. Diverse Cryptocurrency Support: Fairspin’s acceptance of various cryptocurrencies, including ETH, offers flexibility to users.
  2. Generous Bonuses: The casino’s welcome bonuses and loyalty rewards program provide added value to players.
  3. Secure Transactions: SSL Encryption ensures the safety of transactions and user data.
  4. Multilingual Support: Supporting English, German, and Russian enhances accessibility for a global player base.

Cons:

  1. Limited Licensing: While operating under a Curaçao license, additional licenses from reputable jurisdictions could further enhance credibility.

In conclusion, Fairspin earns its high rating by delivering a secure, crypto-friendly, diverse gaming environment. With a substantial game collection and robust support for cryptocurrencies, including ETH, it solidifies its position among the top cryptocurrency gambling sites.

Jackbit Casino

Top Ethereum Casino Sites || Bonuses Included
  • Rating: 4.78/5
  • Established In: 2022
  • Owned by: Ryker B.V
  • Licensed by: Curaçao
  • Cryptocurrencies in Play: BNB, BTC, ETH
  • Languages Galore: English, Russian, Spanish

General Information:

Jackbit, introduced in 2022, is the brainchild of Ryker B.V and has quickly gained players’ trust. Operating under a Curaçao license, the casino offers a secure and diverse gaming environment.

Crypto-Friendly Transactions:

With 14 available currencies upon registration, including Binance Coin, Jackbit embraces the crypto wave. This extensive range ensures players can easily choose their preferred payment method, aligning with the growing popularity of cryptocurrencies.

Generous Welcome Bonuses and Loyalty Rewards:

Jackbit showers players with enticing welcome bonuses and loyalty rewards, adding significant value to the gaming experience. Whether you’re a new player seeking a boost or a loyal patron, Jackbit has bonuses tailored to enhance your gameplay.

Safety, Security, and Support:

Jackbit prioritizes player security with SSL Encryption, ensuring that personal and financial information remains confidential. The multilingual support (English, French, Russian) adds an extra layer of convenience, ensuring players receive assistance in their preferred language.

Pros:

  1. Diverse Cryptocurrency Options
  2. Extensive Language Support
  3. Secure SSL Encryption
  4. Generous Bonuses and Rewards
  5. Large Game Selection

Cons:

  1. Relatively New (Established in 2022)

In a nutshell, Jackbit earns its stripes as a top-tier Ethereum gambling site, providing a secure, diverse, and rewarding platform for players worldwide. While the casino is relatively new and operates under a Curaçao license, its strengths lie in its cryptocurrency acceptance, language accessibility, and commitment to player security.

Our Process for Picking the Best Ethereum Casinos

Hey there, curious minds! How do we sift through the Ethereum casino jungle to bring you the top dogs? Well, it’s not magic; it’s our secret sauce. Let’s spill the beans on how we compare these crypto playgrounds before deciding which ones get the spotlight.

Step 1: The Crypto Detective Work

First things first, we channel our inner Sherlock. We dive into the depths of each Ethereum casino, checking out their features, reputation, and what the crypto community is whispering about them. No stone goes unturned.

Step 2: User-Friendly Vibes

Who likes a complicated user interface? Not us, and not you! We love user-friendly Ethereum casinos that won’t make you feel like you’re deciphering ancient scrolls to place a bet.

Step 3: Support SOS Mode

Customer support is like the hero in your favorite movie – you don’t always notice it, but when you need it, it better be there. We ensure the Ethereum casinos we recommend have your back, providing the support you need when needed.

Step 4: Security Blanket Mode

Security is non-negotiable. We check if these Ethereum casinos have Fort Knox-level security measures. No one wants their crypto adventures turning into a heist movie plot.

Step 5: Games Quality, Variety, and Exclusivity

When hunting for the perfect Ethereum casino, we focus on the game offerings—they’re the heart of the experience. We Opt for a casino with a diverse collection of top-notch games from industry giants like Microgaming and NetEnt. These games guarantee a gaming experience that’s nothing short of spectacular. And why settle for the ordinary when you can indulge in exclusivity? Seek out Ethereum casinos that bring an extra layer of thrill with proprietary games. Picture having your very own set of games that no one else does – that’s the unique gaming experience you deserve!

But continuing there, we explore games from the A-team of providers like Betsoft, Evolution, Yggdrasil, and more. These gaming giants inject innovation and excitement into every play, ensuring you’re in for a treat. And before you dive in, arm yourself with knowledge about the Return to Player (RTP) of specific games. This percentage is your sneak peek into the game’s generosity level, giving you the edge in smart gaming. 

Step 6: Bonuses and Perks Galore

Who doesn’t love a good bonus? We scout for Ethereum casinos that shower you with perks and bonuses – because why settle for less when you can get more bang for your crypto buck?

Step 7: Community Seal of Approval

The crypto community is like the ultimate judge. We check if these Ethereum casinos have the community’s seal of approval. After all, a good recommendation from fellow players is worth its weight in digital gold.

And voila, that’s our behind-the-scenes peek into how we handpick the cream of the crop in the Ethereum casino world. So, buckle up, and let’s embark on a crypto casino adventure together!

Top 10 Ethereum Casino Sites

Here are our researched casinos that accept Ethereum transactions: 

RankCasinoRatingPromotionsCoins
1SuperSlots4.72/5Up to 6000 USD Welcome PackageEthereum, Bitcoin, Tether, Binance Coin, USD Coin
2Jackbit4.68/5CashbackEthereum, Bitcoin, Tether, Binance Coin, USD Coin
3Vave4.85/5Up to 1.5 BTC Welcome Package + 150 Free SpinsEthereum, BNB, Bitcoin, Tether, XRP, Dogecoin
4BetPlay4.77/5Up to 50000 MBC Welcome PackageEthereum, Bitcoin, Tether, Binance Coin, Solana
5Metaspins4.75/5100% up to 1BTC First Deposit BonusEthereum, Bitcoin, Tether, USD Coin, Cardano
6Sportsbet.io4.75/5No Bonus AvailableEthereum, Bitcoin, Tether, Binance Coin, XRP
7Fairspin4.70/5Up to 450000 USD Welcome Package + 140 Free SpinsEthereum, Bitcoin, Tether, Binance Coin, USD Coin
8WatchMySpin4.70/5Up to 100 USD Welcome Package + 20 Free SpinsEthereum, Bitcoin, USD Coin, XRP, Cardano
9Wolfy Casino4.67/5Up to 1000 EUR Welcome PackageEthereum, Bitcoin, Tether, XRP, Litecoin
10Betonline4.64/5Up to 3000 USD Welcome PackageEthereum, Bitcoin, Tether, Binance Coin, USD Coin

How to Get Started With Ethereum Casinos: Your Quick Start Guide

Ready to roll the dice in the crypto casino world? Awesome! Let’s get you started on this thrilling journey:

Step 1: Get Your ETH Ready

First things first, you’ll need some Ethereum in your digital wallet. If you’re new to this, no worries – it’s like putting digital coins in your cyber piggy bank. Need help setting up a wallet? There are many user-friendly options – pick one that suits your style.

Step 2: Pick Your Playground

Time to choose your Ethereum casino. With the crypto boom, there is plenty to pick from. Look for one with a solid reputation – check out reviews, ask around, you know the drill. Trust is key in this game!

Step 3: Register and Roll In

Got your eyes on a casino? Sweet! Now, sign up and get that account rolling. They’ll probably ask for some basic info – nothing too personal. Once that’s done, it’s game on!

Step 4: Load Up Your Wallet

Deposit time! Head to the cashier, load up your wallet with some ETH, and you’re officially in the game. Pro tip: Start small until you get the hang of things. No need to go all in right away.

Step 5: Explore and Play!

Now comes the fun part – exploring the games. From classic slots to fancy crypto poker, there’s something for everyone. Click around, try different games, and see what floats your crypto boat.

Step 6: Stay Sharp on Gas Fees

Gas what? Gas fees are the little costs that keep the crypto wheels turning. Stay aware of these transaction fees, and you’ll be one savvy Ethereum player. It’s all about keeping your crypto ship sailing smoothly.

Step 7: Have a Blast and Gamble Smart!

You’re all set! Dive into the Ethereum casino scene and have a blast, but remember – gamble responsibly. Keep an eye on your bets, stay in control, and let the crypto good times roll!

Advantages of Using Ethereum Casinos

Are you wondering why Ethereum casinos are gaining so much attention? Well, let’s dive into the exciting world of Ethereum gambling, where the thrill knows no bounds!

Say Goodbye to Geo Restrictions!

Gone are the days of geographic limitations! Ethereum casinos, thanks to their decentralized nature, welcome players from all corners of the globe. No more worrying about location-based restrictions – Ethereum casinos make it happen.

Remember, though, it’s crucial to respect local laws and regulations. While Ethereum casinos support VPN services, staying within the legal boundaries is always wise.

Zooming through Transactions at Lightning Speed!

Fancy faster transactions and higher limits? Ethereum casinos have you covered. With Ethereum’s swift transaction speeds and the absence of intermediaries, you can handle your money matters in the blink of an eye.

And guess what? Higher limits mean more flexibility for your bets. So, whether you’re a high roller or just testing the waters, Ethereum casinos have something for everyone.

Watch Your ETH Balance Grow!

Unlike traditional online casinos, Ethereum casinos let you accumulate Ethereum cryptocurrency. As the value of Ethereum keeps soaring, you not only win prizes but also enjoy potential investment gains.

Just a heads-up – Ethereum’s value can fluctuate. It’s like riding the market wave; your balance will reflect that. The potential for additional gains is there!

Privacy Bliss at Ethereum Casinos!

Privacy matters, right? Ethereum casinos take it up a notch with higher privacy and anonymity. Forget sharing sensitive details – use your Ethereum wallet address instead.

Thanks to blockchain magic, your identity and financial info remain safe. No need to worry about your bank finding out – Ethereum transactions are pseudonymous, providing a level of anonymity traditional methods can’t match.

Gaming Redefined: Cutting-edge and Cool!

Ethereum casinos aren’t just casinos; they’re innovation hubs. Embracing blockchain technology, these platforms offer immersive experiences, slick interfaces, and mobile-friendly designs. It’s gaming with a modern twist!

Some even come with dedicated mobile apps, ensuring you can enjoy your favorite games on the go. Get ready for a gaming experience that’s not just fun but also aesthetically pleasing.

Crypto vs. Fiat: Choose Your Adventure!

Cryptocurrency or traditional currency? Ethereum opens the door to the crypto world, where transparency and decentralization reign supreme.

Join the cool and trendy crypto community by choosing Ethereum. It’s not just a currency; it’s a lifestyle.

Autonomy with Ethereum: Your Money, Your Rules!

Who needs permission? With Ethereum, you’re in control. There is no central authority, no restrictions – just pure financial freedom.

Transact securely, freely, and without third-party interference. Ethereum gives you the power to manage your finances on your terms.

So, why wait? Dive into the Ethereum casino experience – where excitement, innovation, and autonomy await you!

Disadvantages of Using Ethereum Casinos

Ethereum casinos bring a bunch of perks to the table, but like any venture, there are some hitches you might want to mull over. Let’s dive into the nitty-gritty and chat about the not-so-sunny side:

1. The Uncharted Territory: Lack of Regulation

So, here’s the scoop – Ethereum casinos operate in a legal twilight zone. They often rely on a Curacao license, but it might not be as robust as other regulatory stamps. Trust in these places usually hangs on their track record in the crypto community.

Why should you care? In this wild west of crypto gambling, there’s a risk of scams and fraud. No regulations mean no safety net. And when disputes arise, good luck finding a referee – it’s a bit like the Wild West without a sheriff.

Plus, there’s the unsettling prospect of money laundering. In this regulation-free zone, shady characters find it easier to use ETH for less-than-legal activities. No KYC protocols make it even messier.

2. Irreversible Transfers: Proceed with Caution

Ethereum transactions are swift and cheap, but here’s the catch – they’re irreversible. One tiny mistake in your deposit address, and poof! Your precious Ethereum might end up in the wrong hands, and there’s no turning back.

So, tread carefully, double-check everything, and avoid those irreversible blunders.

3. Customer Support Limbo: DIY Mode Activated

Unlike your regular casino down the street, Ethereum casinos aren’t backed by the traditional banking system. This means you’re on your own when picking trustworthy ones. The lack of regulatory watchdogs leaves you more exposed.

Are you worried about issues? In the Ethereum realm, you might find less help than you’re used to. No regulatory bodies mean no one enforcing the rules, making you more vulnerable.

4. Crypto 101: Know Your Ethereum

Consider joining the Ethereum casino party. You better brush up on your crypto skills. From creating an Ethereum wallet to dealing with smart contracts and navigating decentralized apps – it’s like a crash course in Crypto 101.

And hey, don’t forget the gas fees – those sneaky transaction costs that keep the crypto wheels turning. Stay sharp, stay informed, and adapt your game plan accordingly.

5. Rollercoaster Rides: ETH’s Price Volatility

Ethereum is a cryptocurrency, and its value can be a rollercoaster. That unpredictability can mess with your bets and payouts, adding an extra layer of risk. It’s not the best news for those seeking a stable betting haven.

And for the operators of Ethereum betting platforms, well, they need to be financial acrobats. Fluctuating ETH prices mean they have to juggle odds and payouts with the finesse of a tightrope walker. It’s a gamble within a gamble.

Ultimately, Ethereum casinos offer thrills, but it’s wise to roll the dice with open eyes. Cheers to a smart and savvy gambling experience in the crypto universe!

The Best Ethereum Casino Exchange

Ready to dive into the Ethereum casino world? Picking the right exchange is key, and we’ve got your top recommendation – Binance!

Why Binance Stands Out for Ethereum Casinos

Choosing the perfect exchange for your Ethereum casino adventures involves weighing factors like reliability, security, and fees. Among the sea of options, Binance emerges as the go-to choice.

Why Binance Rocks:

1. Trusted and Recognized: Binance isn’t just any exchange; it’s a widely recognized and reputable player in the crypto game. Its user-friendly platform and diverse features have earned it a solid reputation.

2. Security First: Are you worried about the safety of your crypto assets? Binance has your back. With a robust track record in security and reliability, you can bet (literally) that your Ethereum is in good hands.

3. Game-Changing Fees: Let’s talk money – Binance offers competitive transaction fees. That means more bang for your buck when you’re in the crypto gambling scene. Perfect for those who want to make the most of their funds.

4. Gamblers Welcome: Picture this – you’re all in for some Ethereum casino action, and your exchange freezes your account. Not cool. But with Binance, you’re in luck! They’re cool with gamblers and won’t penalise you for enjoying the casino thrills.

The Wrap-Up: Binance – Your Ethereum Casino Haven

In a nutshell, Binance ticks all the boxes for Ethereum casino enthusiasts. It’s secure, has low fees, and boasts a stellar reputation. Remember to do your own research and stay on the right side of local regulations.

How do I deposit and withdraw money at an Ethereum casino?

Alright, so you’re all set to roll the dice and hit the jackpot at your Ethereum casino, but the big question is, how do you handle the moolah? Easy-peasy! Let me break it down for you.

Depositing with Ethereum (ETH):

First off, if you’re holding some Ethereum (ETH), you’re in luck! Depositing with ETH is a breeze. Head over to the deposit section of the casino, and you’ll likely find a sweet option labeled “Ethereum” or “ETH.” Click on that bad boy, and the casino will walk you through the steps. Usually, they’ll give you an address – think of it like the casino’s personal crypto wallet. All you need to do is transfer your ETH to that address. It’s like sending a digital high-five to the casino, and boom, your account gets loaded up for some serious gaming action!

Withdrawing Your Winnings:

Now, let’s talk about the sweet moment – cashing out those hard-earned winnings. Select Ethereum (ETH) as your preferred method in the withdrawal section. They might ask for your ETH wallet address – your personal crypto pocket. Pop that in, specify the amount you want to withdraw, and hit the “Cash Out” or “Withdraw” button. Sit back, relax, and watch the magic happen. Your winnings will zoom into your ETH wallet, ready for whatever adventure you have in mind.

So, whether you’re stacking up for some epic bets or cashing in on that winning streak, handling money at your Ethereum casino is a smooth ride.

Final Note

Well, dear reader, we’ve journeyed through Ethereum casinos, comparing and contrasting to guide you to the best choices. Now, as we conclude, here’s the grand takeaway:

Seal the Deal: Register on Your Chosen Ethereum Casinos!

Don’t just stop here—take action! Set aside time and register on the Ethereum casinos we’ve explored together. Don’t be deterred if they claim to be out of reach in your location; try it—you might just hit the jackpot.

Your Experience, Your Triumph!

In the end, it’s all about you. Each individual has their preferences when it comes to Ethereum gaming. Your encounter is the beacon that guides your journey, so relish every moment.

Cheers to a thrilling adventure ahead!

FAQs

1. Are Ethereum casinos safe and secure?
2. Do Ethereum casinos offer fair games?
3. What bonuses and promotions are available at ETH casinos?
4. What customer support options are available at Ethereum online casinos?
5. Who regulates Ethereum casinos?
6. Are casinos that accept Ethereum legal?
7. How do you play on Ethereum casinos?
8. What’s the best Ethereum casino, in your opinion?

Author:

David Thompson, holding a Bachelor's degree in Economics from the University of Toronto, has a keen analytical mind. His expertise lies in the economic impact of gambling and cryptocurrency trends. David's focus is on the intersection of gambling economics and cryptocurrency market trends. He provides in-depth analyses of how crypto advancements influence the gambling sector. In his spare time, David is an avid urban explorer. He enjoys discovering and photographing abandoned buildings and urban landscapes.